Oracle PL/SQL Language Pocket Reference, Fourth Edition

By Steven Feuerstein, Bill Pribyl, Chip Dawes
Book Price: $14.99 USD
£8.99 GBP
PDF Price: $11.99

Cover | Table of Contents

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Index

[ Symbols ], [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ G ], [ H ], [ I ], [ J ], [ K ], [ L ], [ M ], [ N ], [ O ], [ P ], [ Q ], [ R ], [ S ], [ T ], [ U ], [ V ], [ W ], [ X ], [ Y ],

Symbols[ Top ]
-- (double hyphen), specifying single-line comments, 8
!= (exclamation point-equals sign) inequality operator, 7
# (pound sign), in identifier, 3
$ (dollar sign)
      in identifiers, 3
      metacharacter, 88
( ) (parentheses)
      expression or list delimiter, 7
      metacharacter, 88
      special literal delimiter, 4
* (asterisk)
      metacharacter, 88
      multiplication operator, 7
+ (plus sign)
      addition operator, 6
      metacharacter, 88
. (period)
      component separator, 7, 58
      in collection methods, 68
      in Java names, 154
      in package element names, 120
      in TREAT expressions, 136
      in triggers, 113
      metacharacter, 88
/ (slash), 8
/ * and */, specifying multiline comments, 8
: = assignment operator, 59
; (semicolon), in statements, 45
< > (angle brackets)
      collection inequality function, 66
      inequality operator, 7
      special literal delimiter, 4
= (equals sign)
      collection equality function, 66
      equality operator, 7
? (question mark), metacharacter, 88
[ ] (square brackets)
      in conventions, 2
      metacharacter, 88
[..] (collation element), metacharacter, 89
[::] (character class), metacharacter, 88
[==] (equivalence class), metacharacter, 89
\ (backslash), 4, 67, 88, 89
      metacharacter, 88
^ (caret), metacharacter, 88
_ (underscore), in identifier, 3
{ } (curly braces)
      metacharacter, 88
      special literal delimiter, 4
| (vertical bar), metacharacter, 88
| | (vertical bars) string concatenation operator, 7
" (double quote) optional identifier delimiter, 4
' (single quote)
      literal delimiter, 4, 5, 7
      programmer-defined delimiter suffix, 4, 5

A[ Top ]
ABS built-in function, 82
ACCESS_INTO_NULL exception, 134
ACOS built-in function, 82
actual parameters, 102
ADD_MONTH built-in function, 85
AFTER triggers, 114
AGGREGATE USING keyword, 141
ALTER event, 111, 117
ALTER SESSION statement
      changing value of PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS parameter, 150
      setting PLSQL_WARNINGS parameter, 145
ALTER TYPE statement, 138
ANALYZE event, 111, 117
anchored declarations, 22
AND operation and Boolean datatype, 17
arguments, passing in parameter lists, 102
AS LANGUAGE JAVA clause, 153, 155
ASCII built-in function, 78
ASCIISTR built-in function, 76, 78
ASIN built-in function, 83
assigning records, 58
ASSOCIATE STATISTICS event, 111, 117
associative arrays, 61, 62
      adding/removing elements, 65
      collection methods used with, 69
      initializing, 64
      syntax for declaring, 63
ATAN built-in function, 83
ATAN2 built-in function, 83
atomically null collections
      COLLECTION_IS_NULL exception, 69
      VARRAYs, 63
atomically null objects, 133
attribute specifications of object types, 126
AUDIT event, 111, 117
AUTHID CURRENT_USER keywords, 109
AUTHID keyword, 140
AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION pragma, 8, 37

B[ Top ]
BEFORE triggers, 114
BFILE datatype, 18
BIN_TO_NUM built-in function, 83
BINARY_DOUBLE datatype, 13
BINARY_FLOAT datatype, 13
BINARY_INTEGER datatype, 12
bind variables, 47
BITAND built-in function, 83
BLOB datatype, 18
block structure in PL/SQL, 9, 11
BOOLEAN datatype, 17
Boolean literals, 4
built-in functions, 75-87, 89
built-in packages, 93-97
bulk binds and collections, 71, 75
BULK COLLECT INTO clause, 74
%BULK_EXCEPTIONS attribute, 73

C[ Top ]
cache, function result, Oracle Database 11g, 107
call specs to Java, 152
      creating, 153, 154
      object types and, 127, 155
CALL syntax (ANSI SQL), 98
CARDINALITY function, 66
CASCADE keyword, 138
CASE expression, 26, 27
CASE statement, 25
CAST built-in function, 76, 85
CAST function, 66
CEIL built-in function, 83
CHAR datatype, 14
character datatypes, 14
character set in PL/SQL, 2
CHARTOROWID built-in function, 76
CHR built-in function, 78
CLOB datatype, 18
closing
      cursor variables, 48
      dynamic cursors, 46
      explicit cursors, 40
COLLECT function, 66
COLLECTION_IS_NULL exception, 69
collections
      adding/removing elements, 65
      bulk binds and, 71, 75
      declaration syntax for, 63
      initializing, 64
      methods for, 68, 71
      nested collections, 71
      nested table functions, 65, 68
      types of, 61, 62
column/function name precedence, 125
COMMENT event, 111, 117
comments in PL/SQL, 8
COMMIT statement, 35
      executing stored functions, 123
comparison methods for object types, 130
compilation
      conditional, 142
      native, 149, 151
      settings, 141, 143
compiler warnings, 145, 147
compiler, optimizing, 147
COMPOSE built-in function, 78
compound triggers, 115
CONCAT built-in function, 78
conditional compilation, 142
conditional control statements, 23, 27
CONSTANT keyword, 21
constrained declarations, 21
constrained subtypes, 23
CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION syntax, 129
constructor methods, 129
CONTINUE statement, 31
      loops, 28
control statements
      conditional, 23, 27
      sequential, 27
conversion functions, 76
CONVERT built-in function, 76, 79
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), 16
COS built-in function, 83
COSH built-in function, 83
COUNT function, 68
CREATE event, 111, 117
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY, changing object types using, 139
CURRENT_DATE built-in function, 85
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP built-in function, 85
cursor expressions, 49
cursor FOR loops, 30
cursor variables, 48
      opening, 48
cursors in PL/SQL, 38, 50
      dynamic, 45
      explicit, 38, 42
      implicit, 42, 45
      static, 38

D[ Top ]
d BINARY_DOUBLE literal suffix, 5
dangling REFs and IS DANGLING predicate, 136
data dictionary views
      RESULT_CACHE, 109
      USER_OBJECTS, 155
      USER_STORED_SETTINGS, 150
      V$RESULT_CACHE, 109
      V$TIMEZONE_NAMES, 17
data structures in packages, 120
Database 11g
      native compilation, 151
database events and triggers, 110, 117
database interaction, 34, 38
datatype conversions
      implicit, 19
datatypes
      mapping, 154
      of parameters, 100
DATE datatype, 15
datetime datatypes, 15, 17
datetime functions, 85
datetime interval literals, 6
DB_ROLE_CHANGE event, 111
DBMS_CRYPTO package, 93
DBMS_DB_VERSION package, 94
DBMS_ERRLOG package, 94
DBMS_LOB package, 94
DBMS_LOCK package, 94
DBMS_OUTPUT package, 94
DBMS_SCHEDULER package, 95
DBMS_SQL package, 46, 95
      TO_CURSOR_NUMBER function, 47
      TO_REFCURSOR function, 47
DBMS_UTILITY package, 96
      FORMAT_CALL_STACK function, 55
      FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE function, 53
DBTIMEZONE built-in function, 85
DDL events and triggers, 110, 111, 114, 117
DEC datatype, 12
DECIMAL datatype, 12
decimal numeric datatypes, 12
declaring
      collections, 63
      exceptions, 51, 52
      explicit cursors, 39
      local programs, 103
      programs, 106
      records, 57
      variables, 19, 22
DECOMPOSE built-in function, 79
DEFAULT keyword, 124
default values
      for parameters, 102
      for variables, 21
definer rights model for stored PL/SQL, 109
DELETE procedure for collections, 65, 68
DELETE trigger event, 111
DELETING trigger predicate, 114
delimiters in PL/SQL, 6
      Oracle Database 10g, 4
DEREF operator, 137
DETERMINISTIC keyword, 140
DISABLE keyword, 113
DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS event, 111, 117
DLLs
      native compilation of PL/SQL and, 149
DML
      events and triggers, 110, 114
      exceptions and, 56
      records and, 59
dot notation (see entries under . (period)), 58
DOUBLE PRECISION datatype, 12
downcasting supertypes, 135
DROP event, 111, 117
dynamic cursors, 45
dynamic method dispatch (dynamic polymorphism), 133

E[ Top ]
error handling (see exception handling)
exception handling, 50, 56
      built-in exceptions, list of, 51
      bulk binds and collections, 73
      declaring exceptions, 51, 52
      propagating exceptions, 54, 56
      raising exceptions, 53
      scope of, 54
EXCEPTION_CODE field, 73
EXCEPTION_INDEX field, 73
EXCEPTION_INIT pragma, 9
      declaring exceptions, 52
EXECUTE command (SQL*Plus), 98
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement, 45
EXECUTE privileges
      for collections, 71
      for packages, 119
EXISTS function, 68
EXIT statement, 31
EXP built-in function, 83
explicit cursors, 38, 42
      attributes of, 41
      closing, 40
      cursor expressions and, 49
      declaring, 39
      fetching from, 40
      opening, 39
expressions, cursor, 49
EXTEND procedure, 69
EXTRACT built-in function, 85

F[ Top ]
f BINARY_FLOAT literal suffix, 5
FALSE value, 17
FETCH INTO statement
      assigning records, 59
      BULK COLLECT INTO clause and, 74
      manipulating objects, 134
FETCH statement, 40
fields of records, 56
      DML and records, 59
      referencing, 58
FINAL keyword, 126, 128
      changing to NOT FINAL, 138
FIRST function, 69
FLOAT datatype, 12
FLOOR built-in function, 83
FOR EACH ROW statement, 113
FOR loops, 29
FORALL statement, 72
FORCE option, dropping object types using, 139
formal parameters, 102
forward declarations of programs, 106
%FOUND attribute, 41, 75
FROM built-in function, 76
FROM_TZ built-in function, 85
function result cache, Oracle Database 11g, 107
functions
      built-in, 75-87
      calling packaged functions in SQL, 124
      column/function name precedence, 125
      conversion functions, 76
      datetime functions, 85
      numeric functions, 82
      stored functions, 122
      string functions, 78
      table functions, 106
      (see also stored functions)

G[ Top ]
generalized invocation syntax, Oracle Database 11g, 133
Gennick, Jonathan, 87
GOTO statement, 27
GRANT event, 112, 117
GRANT EXECUTE statement, 153
GREATEST built-in function, 79, 83

H[ Top ]
handling exceptions (see exception handling)
HEXTODRAW built-in function, 76
HTF package, 96
HTP package, 96

I[ Top ]
identifiers in PL/SQL, 3
IEEE 754-compliant floating-point datatypes, 13, 105
IF-THEN-ELSE statements, 23
implicit cursors, 42, 45
implicit datatype conversions, 19
IN function, 66
IN OUT parameters, 101
IN parameters, 101
INITCAP built-in function, 79
initializing
      collections, 64
      objects, 133
      packages, 121
INLINE pragma, 9
INSERT event, 111
INSERTING trigger predicate, 114
INSTANTIABLE keyword, 126, 128
      restrictions on modifying types, 139
INSTR built-in function, 79
INT datatype, 12
INTEGER datatype, 12
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND datatype, 15
INTERVAL keyword, 6
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype, 15
intra-unit inline optimization, Oracle Database 11g, 148
INVALIDATE keyword, 138
invoker rights model for stored PL/SQL, 109
IS DANGLING predicate, 136
IS NULL/IS NOT NULL syntax, 19
ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE transaction control function, 36
      executing stored functions, 122
%ISOPEN attribute, 41

J[ Top ]
Java language integration, 152, 155
      data dictionary views, 155
      publishing Java to PL/SQL, 154
Java stored procedures (JSPs), creating, 152, 154
JPublisher tool, 154

K[ Top ]
keywords
      DISABLE, 113
      RESULT_CACHE, 109

L[ Top ]
labels for loops, 33
language fundamentals of PL/SQL, 2, 11
large object (LOB) datatypes, 18
LAST function, 69
LAST_DAY built-in function, 85
LEAST built-in function, 79, 83
LENGTH built-in function, 80
LIMIT function, 69
Linsley, Peter, 87
literals, 4
LN built-in function, 83
loadjava command-line utility, 153
LOB (large object) datatypes, 18
local programs, declaring, 103
LOCALTIMESTAMP built-in function, 86
LOCK TABLE statement, 36
locking rows in result sets, 43
LOG built-in function, 84
LOGOFF event, 112
LOGON/LOGOFF events, 112, 117
LONG datatype, 14
LONG RAW datatype, 15
loop labels, 33
loops
      CONTINUE statement, 28, 31
      in PL/SQL, 28, 33
LOWER built-in function, 80
LPAD built-in function, 80
LTRIM built-in function, 80

M[ Top ]
MAP method, 127, 130
mapping datatypes, 154
match modifiers for regular expressions, 93
MEMBER keyword, 128
metacharacters supported by Oracle, 88
methods
      comparison, 130
      constructor, 129
      types of, 128
mixed notation
      Oracle Database 11g, 103, 124
MOD built-in function, 84
modes of parameters, 101
MONTHS_BETWEEN built-in function, 86
MULTISET built-in function, 76
MULTISET EXCEPT, 66
MULTISET function, 66, 68
MULTISET INTERSECT, 66
MULTISET UNION, 66
mutual recursion supported by PL/SQL, 106

N[ Top ]
NAME keyword, 154
named notation, 103
      Oracle Database 11g, 103, 124
named program units, 97, 109
NANY built-in function, 84
native compilation of PL/SQL, 149, 151
NATURAL datatype, 12
NATURALN datatype, 12
NCHAR datatype, 15
NCHAR delimiter, 4
NCHR built-in function, 80
NCLOB datatype, 18
nested collections, 71
nested cursors, 49
nested records, 60
nested tables, 61, 62
      adding/removing elements, 65
      collection methods, 70
      functions for, 65, 68
      initializing, 64
      syntax for declaring, 63
NEW_TIME built-in function, 86
NEXT function, 69
NEXT_DAY built-in function, 86
NLS (national character set) datatypes, 15
NLS_INITCAP built-in function, 80
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS keyword, 142
NLS_LOWER built-in function, 81
NLS_UPPER built-in function, 81
NLSSORT built-in function, 81
NOAUDIT event, 112, 117
NOCOPY option, 101
NOT FINAL
      changing FINAL to, 138
      marking parent object type as, 128
      specifying methods as, 132
NOT INSTANTIABLE
      defining methods as, 132
      restrictions on modifying types, 139
      type inheritance and, 128
NOT NULL constraint, 22, 63
NOT operation and Boolean data, 17
NOT SUBSTITUTABLE, changing table objects to, 138
notations, parameter-passing, 103
%NOTFOUND attribute, 41
NOWAIT keyword
      LOCK TABLE statement and, 37
      SELECT FOR UPDATE clause and, 44
NULL statement, 28
NULLs in PL/SQL, 17, 19
      atomically null collections, 63, 69
      atomically null objects, 133
NUMBER datatype, 12
NUMERIC datatype, 12
numeric datatypes, 12, 14
numeric FOR loops, 29
numeric functions, 82
numeric literals, 4, 5
NUMTODSINTERVAL built-in function, 76, 86
NUMTOYMINTERVAL built-in function, 76, 86
NVARCHAR delimiter, 4
NVARCHAR2 datatype, 15

O[ Top ]
Object IDentifiers (OIDs), 126
      encapsulated by REF operator, 136
      referencing persistent objects using, 137
object types, 125
      attribute specifications, 126
      changing, 138, 139
      comparison methods for, 130
      initializing objects, 133
      syntax for creating body, 127
      syntax for creating specification, 126
OIDs (Object IDentifiers), 126
      encapsulated by REF operator, 136
      referencing persistent objects using, 137
OPEN FOR statement, 45
      cursor variables and, 48
optimization
      intra-unit inline optimization (Oracle Database 11g), 148
optimizing compiler (Oracle Database 10g), 147
OR operation and Boolean datatype, 17
OR REPLACE keywords
      creating stored programs, 140
      rebuilding existing collection types, 63
      rebuilding existing packages, 119
ORA-00054 exception, 37
ORA-06511 exception, 40
ORA-1456 error, 36
Oracle Database 10g
      compiler warnings, 147
      defining quoting mechanism for string literals, 4
      native compilation, 149-152
      nested table functions, 65, 68
      optimizing compiler, 147
      overloading programs, 105
      regular expressions, 93
      special named constants, 5
Oracle Database 11g
      compound triggers, 115
      conditional compilation, 142
      CONTINUE statement, 28, 31
      DBMS_SQL functions, 47
      DBMS_UTILITY FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE, 53
      DISABLE (trigger), 113
      firing order for triggers, 113
      function result cache, 107
      generalized invocation syntax, 133
      intra-unit inline optimization, 148
      mixed notation, 103, 124
      named notation, 103, 124
      native compilation, 149-152
      REGEXP_COUNT, 87, 89
      reserved words, 3
      sequences, 34
      SIMPLE_INTEGER datatype, 13
      subexp, 90, 91
Oracle object-oriented features and PL/SQL, 125, 139
Oracle PL/SQL Programming, 102
Oracle Regular Expressions Pocket Reference, 87
Oracle8i, determining purity levels of programs in, 124
Oracle9i
      CASE expression, 26, 27
      datetime interval datatypes, 6, 17
      native compilation, 149-152
ORA-nnnnn (list of built-in exceptions), 51
ORDER method, 127, 130
OUT parameters, 101
overloading
      member methods, 127
      programmer-defined constructors, 129
      programs, 104, 105
OVERRIDING keyword, 132

P[ Top ]
package body, 118, 119
      placing Java call specs in, 155
      syntax for, 118
package data, 120
package specification, 118, 119
      placing Java call specs in, 155
      syntax for, 118
packaged functions, calling, 124
packages, 117, 122
      built-in, 93-97
      initializing, 121
      referencing elements of, 120
      structure of, 118, 119
PARALLEL_ENABLED keyword, 140
parameters, 100, 105
      default values for, 102
      local programs and, 103
      modes of, 101
      passing arguments, 102
      program overloading, 104, 105
PARTITION BY clause, 140
passing arguments in parameter lists, 102
persistent objects, 125
      referencing, 137
PGA (Process Global Area), 121
PIPELINED keyword, 140
PL/SQL vs. server-side Java, 152
PLS_INTEGER datatype, 12
PLSQL_CCFLAGS, 141
PLSQL_CODE_TYPE, 141, 151, 152
PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS, 150
PLSQL_DEBUG, 141
PLSQL_NATIVE_C_COMPILER, 150
PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR, 150
PLSQL_NATIVE_LINKER, 150
PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL, 141, 148
PLSQL_WARNINGS, 141, 145
positional notation, 103
POSITIVE datatype, 12
POSITIVEN datatype, 12
POWER built-in function, 84
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION, 8, 37
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT, 9
      declaring exceptions, 52
PRAGMA INLINE, 9
PRAGMA keyword, 8
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 9, 124
PRAGMA SERIALLY_REUSABLE, 9, 120
precedence, column/function name, 125
predicates, trigger, 114
PRIOR function, 69
privileges and stored PL/SQL, 109
procedures in PL/SQL, 98
Process Global Area (PGA), 121
program data, types of, 11
program overloading, 104, 105
propagating exceptions, 54, 56
publishing Java to PL/SQL, 154
purity levels of programs, determining, 124
PUT_LINE procedure, 105

Q[ Top ]
q' programmer-defined delimiter suffix, 4, 5
queries, single-row and multirow, 45

R[ Top ]
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR function, 53
raising exceptions, 53
RAW datatype, 15
RAWTOHEX built-in function, 76
READ ONLY transaction control function, 36
      executing stored functions, 122
REAL datatype, 12
records in PL/SQL, 56, 60
      assigning, 58
      declaring, 57
      DML and, 59
      nested, 60
      referencing fields, 58
recursion, mutual, 106
REF CURSOR IN parameter, 140
REF CURSORs
      syntax for, 48
REF operator, 136
referencing
      fields of records, 58
      package elements, 120
      persistent objects, 137
REFERENCING clause, 112
REFTOHEX function, 76
REGEXP, 89
REGEXP_COUNT function, 89
REGEXP_INSTR function, 81, 90
REGEXP_LIKE function, 81, 89
REGEXP_REPLACE function, 81, 92
REGEXP_SUBSTR function, 81, 90
regular expressions, 93
RELIES_ON clause, 107
REMAINDER built-in function, 84
RENAME event, 112, 117
REPEAT UNTIL loop emulation, 31
REPLACE built-in function, 81
reserved words, 3
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma, 9, 124
RESULT_CACHE, 107
      keyword, 109
RETURN clause in functions, 99
RETURNING clause, 43, 74
RETURNING INTO statement and BULK COLLECT INTO clause, 74
REUSE SETTINGS statement, 141
REVOKE event, 112, 117
RNDS (Read No Database State) purity level, 124
RNPS (Read No Package State) purity level, 125
ROLLBACK statement, 35
      exceptions and DML, 56
      executing stored functions, 123
ROUND built-in function, 84, 86
row objects, retrieving, 137
%ROWCOUNT attribute, 41
ROWDTOCHAR built-in function, 76
ROWDTONCHAR built-in function, 76
ROWID datatype, 15
row-level triggers, 113
rows, locking, 43
%ROWTYPE attribute, 22
      declaring records, 57
      DML and, 59
RPAD built-in function, 81
RTRIM built-in function, 81

S[ Top ]
SAVE EXCEPTIONS keywords, 73
SAVEPOINT statement, 35
scalar datatypes, 12, 18
scope of exceptions, 54
searched CASE expression, 26
searched CASE statement, 25
SELECT FOR UPDATE clause, 43
SELECT INTO statement
      assigning records, 59
      BULK COLLECT INTO clause and, 74
      implicit cursors and, 42
      manipulating objects, 134
      read-only transactions and, 36
SELF parameter, 129
sequences, 34
sequential control statements, 27
SERIALLY_REUSABLE pragma, 9, 120
SERVERERROR event, 112, 117
SESSIONTIMEZONE built-in function, 86
SET function, 66
SET ROW keywords, updating database tables using, 60
SET TRANSACTION statement, 36
      executing stored functions, 122
SGA (System Global Area), 107, 121
shared libraries
      native compilation of PL/SQL and, 149
SHUTDOWN event, 112, 117
side effects and purity levels, 124
SIGN built-in function, 84
SIGNTYPE datatype, 12
simple CASE expression, 26
simple CASE statement, 25
SIMPLE_INTEGER datatype, 13
SIN built-in function, 84
SINH built-in function, 84
SMALLINT datatype, 12
SOUNDEX built-in function, 81
SQL injection, 47
SQL statements, calling stored functions from, 122, 125
SQL%BULK_EXCEPTIONS.COUNT method, 73
SQL%BULK_ROWCOUNT attribute, 43, 75
SQL%FOUND attribute, 43
SQL%ISOPEN attribute, 43
SQL%NOTFOUND attribute, 43
SQL%ROWCOUNT attribute, 43
SQLCODE function, 55
SQLERRM function, 55
SQRT built-in function, 84
STARTUP event, 112, 117
statements in PL/SQL, 9
static cursors, 38
STATIC keyword, 129
stored functions, 122
      calling from SQL statements, 122, 125
      named notation and, 103
      requirements for calling in SQL, 123
      syntax for calling from SQL, 123
      (see also functions)
stored PL/SQL and privileges, 109
stored programs, compiling, 140
      natively, 149, 151
string functions, 78
string literals, 4
SUBSTITUTABLE keyword, changing table objects to, 138
SUBSTR built-in function, 81
subtypes (object)
      single-inheritance model, 128
      upcasting, 135
subtypes (scalar)
      built-in, 12, 14
      programmer-defined, 23
supertypes, 128
      downcasting, 135
      overriding, 132
SUSPEND event, 112, 117
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC built-in function, 86
SYSDATE built-in function, 86
System Global Area (SGA), 121
SYSTIMESTAMP built-in function, 86

T[ Top ]
TABLE built-in function, 77
table functions, 106
TAN built-in function, 84
TANH built-in function, 85
THE built-in function, 77
TIMESTAMP datatype, 15
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 15
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 15
TO_BINARY_DOUBLE built-in function, 77
TO_BINARY_FLOAT built-in function, 77
TO_CHAR built-in function, 81, 86
TO_CHAR_TO_NCHAR built-in function, 77
TO_CLOB_TO_NCLOB built-in function, 77
TO_DATE built-in function, 77, 87
TO_DSINTERVAL built-in function, 77, 87
TO_LOB built-in function, 77
TO_MULTI_BYTE built-in function, 77, 82
TO_NCHAR built-in function, 82
TO_NUMBER built-in function, 77
TO_RAW built-in function, 77
TO_SINGLE_BYTE built-in function, 77, 82
TO_TIMESTAMP built-in function, 77, 78, 87
TO_TIMESTAMP_T2 built-in function, 87
TO_YMINTERVAL built-in function, 78, 87
transaction management, 34, 37
      autonomous transactions, 8, 37
transient objects, 125
TRANSLATE built-in function, 82
TRANSLATE_USING built-in function, 78
TREAT operator, 135
triggers, 109, 117
      compound, 115
      disabling/enabling, 114
      predicates, 114
TRIM built-in function, 82
TRIM procedure, 65, 69
TRUE value, 17
TRUNC built-in function, 85, 87
TRUNCATE event, 112
TRUST purity level, 125
truth tables, 17
%TYPE attribute, 22
TZ_OFFSET built-in function, 87

U[ Top ]
UGA (User Global Area), 121
unconstrained subtypes, 23
UNDER keyword, 128
Unicode character datatypes, 15
UNINSTR built-in function, 78
UNISTR built-in function, 82
upcasting subtypes, 135
UPDATE event, 111
UPDATING trigger predicate, 114
UPPER built-in function, 82
UROWID datatype, 15
USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT transaction control function, 36
User Global Area (UGA), 121
USER_OBJECTS view, 155
USER_STORED_SETTINGS view, 150
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), 16
UTL MAIL package, 97
UTL_FILE package, 96
UTL_REF, 136

V[ Top ]
V$RESULT_CACHE, 109
V$TIMEZONE_NAMES view, 17
VALUE operator, 137
VALUES keyword, inserting into database tables using, 59
VARCHAR2 datatype, 14
variables, 11, 23
      bind variables, 47
      declaring, 19, 22
      default values of, 21
VARRAYs, 61, 62
      adding/removing elements, 65
      initializing, 64
      syntax for declaring, 63

W[ Top ]
warnings, compiler, 147
WHEN OTHERS clause, 55
WHERE CURRENT OF clause, 44
WHILE loops, 31
WNDS (Write No Database State) purity level, 124
WNPS (Write No Package State) purity level, 124
WORK keyword, 35

X[ Top ]
x, 67

Y[ Top ]
y, 67

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