21st Century Security and CPTED, 2nd Edition

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29

Lighting Provides Choice

Lighting for reducing crime and improving security is a logical and natural evolution of the crime

prevention through environmental design (CPTED) principles of natural surveillance and good vis-

ibility. The goal of safe lighting design is to make our architectural, urban, and suburban proj-

ects as safe and secure in the nighttime as they are in the daytime hours of the day using proper

lightingdesign.

The role of lighting in crime prevention and security has been a close-knit relationship. There

have been some excellent books and documents published on lighting and security, most notably

by the Illumination Engineering Society of North America and the Guideline on Security Lighting

for People, Property, and Public Spaces (IESNA G-1-03, 2003) and The Outdoor Lighting Pattern

Book (1996). I have conducted lighting analysis on numerous properties, especially residential and

commercial properties. Most of the contemporary articles and publications on security lighting

take a deterministic view that lighting prevents or stops crime. It is my opinion and experience that

this is incorrect. Lighting is neutral regarding changing or preventing behavior (seeFigure29.1).

It is similar to CCTV. CCTV does not stop crime but can be effective if applied in the proper way

to altering how persons perceive their space. Lighting does not stop you from obtaining entry, as

CONTENTS

The Lighting Challenge .................................................................................................................725

Lighting Facts and Terminology .................................................................................................... 725

What Are the Appropriate Uses of Lighting? ................................................................................726

Lighting Choices (So Many Bulbs, So Little Time) ......................................................................730

Old School Lighting ....................................................................................................................... 731

Incandescent Lighting ............................................................................................................... 731

Fluorescent Lighting Incandescent Lighting ............................................................................. 732

Mercury Vapor ...........................................................................................................................734

Metal Halide .............................................................................................................................. 735

High-Pressure Sodium ..............................................................................................................736

Low-Pressure Sodium ............................................................................................................... 737

New School Lighting ..................................................................................................................... 739

Induction Lighting ..................................................................................................................... 739

LED Lighting ............................................................................................................................ 741

The Future of Lighting ................................................................................................................... 747

Lighting Controls ...................................................................................................................... 749

All Light Is Not Created Equal ................................................................................................. 751

Sustainability and Security Concerns ............................................................................................ 753

Case Study 1 .................................................................................................................................. 757

Case Study 2 .................................................................................................................................. 758

Case Study 3 .................................................................................................................................. 758

Case Study 4 .................................................................................................................................. 759

Stratosphere Casino Wins Big with High-Efciency Lighting ................................................. 759

Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 761

References ...................................................................................................................................... 761