15LTE-Advanced Evolution
Harri Holma and Timo Lunttila
Nokia, Finland
15.1 Introduction
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced have turned out to be very successful technologies in terms of practical performance and in terms of subscriber adoption. The first version of LTE specifications was defined in 3GPP Release 8 in March 2009, and the first commercial LTE network was launched in December 2009. The further evolution has continued in the following 3GPP releases. LTE-Advanced in Releases 10–12 considerably enhanced LTE capabilities. The next phase in 3GPP was called LTE-Advanced Pro including Releases 13 and beyond. It is also called 4.9G. The targets of LTE-Advanced Pro are summarized in Figure 15.1. Release 8 provided an excellent starting point with a peak data rate of 150 Mbps and the best case latency of 10 ms. LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro improved LTE performance in several areas by a factor of 10: higher data rates, lower latency, larger coverage for the low data rates, longer battery lifetime, and lower-cost devices for Internet of Things (IoT) modems, and higher capacity. These radio enhancements enable a large set of new applications on top of LTE networks. This chapter focuses on the features and the benefits of LTE-Advanced Pro. Section 15.2 briefly illustrates LTE technology timing and evolution. More detailed descriptions ...
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