Chapter 4 Lean Management
The contrast between hierarchical control and shared responsibility is core to understanding lean management. While the Ford assembly line was an innovation in mass production by using smooth flow and standard work, Toyota added the component of customer value by designing an innovative management system. Unlike the hierarchical management structure in the U.S., where frontline workers were treated as extensions of the machines, Toyota engaged the entire workforce in principles of continuous improvement.
The appropriate alignment of authority and responsibility is exemplified by Toyota’s use of the Andon cord. When the cord is pulled, the assembly line stops. Workers have the responsibility ...
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