A frequency–response curve of a loudspeaker is defined as the variation in sound pressure or acoustic power as a function of frequency, with some quantity such as voltage or electrical power held constant. To calculate the full frequency response, we refer to
Fig. 6.4 but using
Eqs. (13.116)–(13.118) for the exact acoustic radiation impedance instead of lumped elements. The total impedance in the loop with all quantities referred to the mechanical side is