Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles

25 Hydrological Changes in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the HimalayaA Synoptic View from the Cryosphere Change Perspective

Shyam Ranjan^1*, Manish Pandey^2,3,*, and Rahul Raj⁴

¹ School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India² University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India³ Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India⁴ Centre for Korean Studies, School of Language, Literature & Culture Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India^* Corresponding authors

25.1 Introduction

A glacier is a robust tool to understand the climate change on the Earth’s system. The formation of the Earth’s climate is a long process. It can be defined as a long-term average of a particular location’s weather conditions (a combination of various meteorological conditions, i.e., temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction). Different model results have shown the rise of near-surface temperature in recent decades (IPCC, 2013). Since glaciers are highly sensitive to temperature variations, an increase in temperature negatively impacts the cryospheric system, especially on glaciers. Furthermore, at the spatio-temporal scale, it affects the glacio-hydrology of glacierised stream catchments (Barnett et al., 2005). The term “glacio-hydrology” is a combination of hydrological as well as glaciological aspects of science that incorporates the ...