7 Systems Thinking and Systems Engineering
7.1 Definition of System
Understanding the definition of a system and various types of systems is fundamental in systems thinking and systems engineering. It also helps us select appropriate frameworks, approaches, and tools when developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions manifested through, for example, the concept of digital twin (DT).
A system is two or more components that combine to produce from one or more inputs, one or more results that could not be obtained from the components individually (Grieves, 2012).
Systems can be categorised based on the level of complexity, as depicted in Figure 7.1. Systems can be simple, complicated, or complex.
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