
9.2 Animation Basics
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enthusiasm, revenue, and debate. To understand both the practice and the potential of
this powerful new medium, we must first consider the basic elements of animation and
the ways in which it was traditionally created.
Once you have finished this chapter, you should understand:
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The basic elements of animation: persistence of vision, frames, frame rates, flip books
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Fundamental animation techniques: shooting on twos, cycles, holds, ease-in, ease-out,
stretch, squash
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Cel animation: cels, key frames, tweens, storyboards, pencil tests, scratch tracks, Leica
reels
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2-D digital animation: animated GIFs, rotoscoping, ...