C.7. Common-Emitter Amplifier with Active Load
In the early days of electronic amplifiers, the voltage amplification device was, of course, the vacuum tube. It existed in only one polarity configuration, that is, with positive plate (bus or rail) voltage. With the appearance of semiconductor transistors came the availability of the dual set of devices with opposite terminal voltage polarities. This is the case for BJTs, JFETs, and MOSFETs. (Vacuum tubes were implemented in class B amplifiers. The application required a pair of inputs, one 180° out of phase with the other, normally derived from a transformer.)
The dual set has provided the versatility for a wide range of electronic system applications, including the amplifier with active load ...
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