and more prone to misalignment than an echelle spectrometer with internal cross-
dispersion. We choose to limit our discussion to internal cross-dispersion.
For internal cross-dispersion modes, the three principal options are a prism (or
prism train) or plane grating located:
(1) between the echelle and camera optics and used single-pass;
(2) between the collimator and echelle and used single-pass; or
(3) close to the echelle and used double-pass.
It is possible to devise an echelle instrument with either a concave grating used
as both camera and cross-disperser or a concave grating predisperser also
doubling
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