Appendix I
Some Mathematical Tools
RECTANGULAR OR CARTESIAN COORDINATES
The most common coordinate system for representing positions in space is based on three perpendicular spatial axes generally designated as x, y and z.
Any point P can be represented by three signed numbers, usually written (x, y, z) where coordinate is the perpendicular distance from the plane formed by the other two axes.
Fig. A.1 Cartesian co-ordinate system.
Although the entire coordinate system can be rotated, the relationship between the axes is fixed in what ...
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