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Layout, Grounding, and Cooling

Audio Amplifier PCB Design

Rail Induction Distortion

The Mounting of Output Devices

Single and Double-sided PCBs

PCB Track Resistance and How to Reduce it

Cable Resistance

Power Supply PCB Layout

Power Amplifier PCB Layout Details

The Audio PCB Layout Sequence

Amplifier Grounding

Ground Loops: How they Work and How to Deal with them

Hum Injection by Mains Grounding Currents

Hum Injection by Transformer Stray Magnetic Fields

Hum Injection by Transformer Stray Capacitance

Ground Currents Inside Equipment

Balanced Mains Power

Class I and Class II

Convection Cooling

Heatsink Materials

Heatsink Compounds

Thermal Washers

Fan Control Systems

Fan Failure Safety ...

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