Automation Challenges of Socio-technical Systems
by Frederic Vanderhaegen, Choubeila Maaoui, Mohamed Sallak, Denis Berdjag
6 A Graphical Model Based on Performance Shaping Factors for a Better Assessment of Human Reliability
6.1. Introduction
Human reliability analysis (HRA) methodologies have been proposed to systematically integrate human factors into a PRA (Probabilistic Risk Assessment) practice [USN 75, ZAM 98]. Over the years, human reliability has undergone various changes in its methods and techniques. These changes have often been classified into generations. First-generation methods were developed using largely similar features to those of the THERP method, such as task analysis, nominal probabilities for human faults, adjustment for acknowledging different conditions as well as others. Second-generation methods were designed to focus less on individual errors and more on detecting the factors and conditions responsible for such errors, as well as other methods based on cognitive models aiming to thoroughly embrace model human performance [KIR 07]. Nevertheless, this classification is often insufficient [SPU 09, BOR 12].
Thus, there are various interpretations and suggestions regarding the problem of modeling and quantifying human error [LEE 88]. Unlike the reliability of technical components, human reliability is not static but evolves dynamically [VAN 11a]. In this case, the act of predicting human reliability should include a modeling of the act of knowledge acquisition by humans in a given situation [VAN 14]. Its management focuses on the adjustable human–machine cooperation [VAN ...