Foreword

Cloud computing is fundamentally disrupting most aspects of the information technology business. Users no longer buy hardware, storage, or databases. Instead, they rent what they need in a consumption-based model—by the gigabyte per day or hour for storage, by the hour, minute, or even millisecond for compute. For example, as of this writing, users of Amazon Web Service’s Lambda event-driven functional compute service pay $0.0000002 per request, and $0.000000208 per 100 milliseconds of compute time for functions when using 128 MB of RAM, but only after first using up one million requests and 3,200,000 compute-seconds that are provided free of charge each month.

A critical part of this disruption is the radical changes happening in ...

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