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Fluorescent Sensors Based on Energy
Transfer and Charge Transfer
Ming Li and Nianqiang (Nick) Wu
4.1 Introduction
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been developed as one of the most common tools in a
wide range of elds such as sensing and biomedical diagnostics [1]. Fluorescence sens-
ing has a lot of advantages including high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, availability
of versatile uorophores, etc. Fluorescence sensing requires a change in the spectral
response to the analyte, for example, changes in the intensity, lifetime, anisotropy, and
excitation or emission spectrum. When a uorophore, a donor, is placed in close prox-
imity to another ...