
214 Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices
in an alkaline medium in the presence of luminol. This was followed by the studies of
anodic generation of ECL in similar reaction media at a Pt electrode (Kuwana et al. 1963).
Luminol ECL is often produced in alkaline solution with hydrogen peroxide upon elec-
trochemical oxidation (Richter 2004). In alkaline medium, luminol forms an anion that
is electrochemically oxidized. Further oxidation of the resulting diazo compound in the
presence of hydrogen peroxide produces 3-aminophtalate in the excited state, as shown
in Scheme 9.4. Different mechanistic pathways are involved in the electro