219Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors
probes for the detection of kinase activity (Xu et al. 2010). The nanoparticles were conju-
gated specically to the thiophosphate group after the protein phosphorylation process,
amplied the ECL signal of luminol, and thus offered a highly sensitive ECL biosensor
for kinase activity detection.
AuNPs were further used as ECL emitter carrier for the fabrication of highly sensitive
ECL biosensors. For example, Zhang’s group developed a highly sensitive ECL method
for the detection of DNA hybridization event using AuNPs as a carrier for ECL label and
ssDNA (Wang et al. 2006). Due to multiple signal reporters per hybridization event, a detec-
tion limit of as low as 5 pM for target ssDNA