
278 Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices
11.4 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
VA-CNT arrays, either in a patterned or nonpatterned form, with a well-dened
large surface area can be easily incorporated into device architectures for various
potential applications, including electrochemical sensing. Just like all other materi-
als, however, it is very rare for VA-CNTs with desirable bulk properties to also pos-
sess the surface characteristics required for certain specic applications. Therefore,
surface functionalization is essential. Although various covalent and noncovalent
chemistries have been devised for functionalization ...