16Bioreceptors for Antigen–Antibody Interactions
Vipul Prajapati1* and Princy Shrivastav2
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, SSR College of Pharmacy (Permanently Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Sayli-Silvassa Road, Sayli, Silvassa, Union Territory of Dadra Nagar Haveli & Daman Diu, India
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SSR College of Pharmacy (Permanently Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Sayli-Silvassa Road, Sayli, Silvassa, Union Territory of Dadra Nagar Haveli & Daman Diu, India
Abstract
The analyte is specifically detected and bound by a bioreceptor in a biosensor that further interacts with the analyte through a process known as biorecognition. Recent developments in biosensor technology have largely focused on the immune system. The immune system works by producing antibodies after identifying exotic species called antigens. Antibodies are too specific in their ability to biorejugate, making them a suitable choice for incorporation into biosensors. This chapter provides a brief overview of antibody and antigen–antibody interactions. In addition, antibody-based biosensors (also known as immunosensors) were discussed along with their application of immunosensors in diagnostics, drug safety, food safety, and environmental control. Finally, some new approaches to antibody modifications were also discussed, such as antibody mimetics, camelid nanobodies, and revised nanobodies. These modifications offer several advantages over classical ...
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