Trace is usually classified as three levels: block level, file level, and object level. They share many common metrics, although each has its own unique properties. In this chapter, I will discuss block-level trace metrics in detail since the block-level trace provides more fundamental information on storage systems than other two levels. For simplicity of representation, I divide the metrics into two categories: the basic ones and the advanced ones. The meanings and performance impacts of these metrics are explained in detail.
2. Trace Characteristics
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