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making effeCtive deCisions by integrating
e fact that there is “Big Data” available today does not mean
that we need to sift through and analyze it all before we can make
a decision and act. We only need the knowledge essential to our
decision, acquisition of which depends on our ability to integrate by
essentials. e facts that are relevant to our actions do not change
whether we have a little or a lot of data about them. e key to effec-
tive decision making is to focus on the essential data and put the rest
aside (Aziza,2013), which is possible when our existing knowledge
is properly integrated into concepts and principles. Having too l ...