Carbon Allotropes and Composites

12Carbon Allotropes in a Sustainable Environment

Farhat A. Ansari

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Faizullaganj, Lucknow, India

Abstract

Several fields of chemicals, nanomaterials, and technology are extremely interested in carbon chemistry due to its distinctive and inherent features. Various physiochemical processes are used to develop sustainable carbon composite materials. Advanced carbon structures, which are components with desirable qualities, are also produced using design techniques. Developed carbon composite materials like fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a tunable high porosity, large surface, good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, as well as high corrosion resistance. They can be used in storing energy as electrocatalytic, electro-conductive admixtures, complexation hosts, and perfect substrates for nanomaterials. To improve solubilities, chemical biocompatibility covalent and noncovalent techniques are frequently performed. As further methods to improve their solubility, shear phase separation, ball grinding, electromagnetic stirring, and ultrasound mixing are frequently employed. The variety of synthetic carbon allotropes with interesting and aesthetically beautiful designs with exceptional material properties is expanding. The proposed article gives several manufacturing methods for the sustainability of carbon materials and emphasizes many ...