15.4. Firewalls at the Application Layer vs. the Network Layer
By now, you know all about the OSI model and remember that the Application layer is at the top of the heap and the Network layer is third up from the bottom. And as a rule of thumb, the higher you get in the OSI model, the more complex the interactions become. This rule holds true for discussions of firewalls that work at the Application layer versus those that work at the Network layer.
The first firewalls that were developed functioned solely at the Network layer, and the earliest of these were known as packet-filter firewalls. I covered packet filtering a bit earlier in this chapter; as a refresher, all it means is that the firewall looks at an incoming packet and applies it against ...
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