book

CompTIA® A+® Training Kit (Exam 220-801 and Exam 220-802)

by Darril Gibson

December 2012

Intermediate to advanced

1024 pages

27h

English

Microsoft Press

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About the ExamsPrerequisitesPerformance Based TestingObjective ChangesStudy TipsSystem RequirementsHardware Requirements for VirtualizationSoftware RequirementsUsing the Companion CDHow to Install the Practice TestsHow to Use the Practice TestsHow to Uninstall the Practice TestsAcknowledgmentsSupport & FeedbackErrata & Book SupportWe Want to Hear from YouStay in TouchPreparing for the Exam
Computing BasicsNumbering SystemsBinaryHexadecimalBits vs. BytesKilo, Mega, Giga, and TeraCases and CoolingMotherboardsCase FansCommon Problems with FansReplacing a FanCleaning CasesNotification Switch for SecurityPower SuppliesAC vs. DCWattage Power RatingsRailsPower Supply ConnectionsCable KeyingATX vs. Micro-ATX Power SuppliesReplacing a Power SupplyProtecting Systems from Power ProblemsSurge SuppressorsBattery BackupSafety IssuesElectrical SafetyEquipment and Self-GroundingESDMSDSCompliance with RegulationsFire SafetyLiftingToolsScrewdriversExtension MagnetCompressed Air and CompressorsComputer VacuumMultimeterPower Supply TesterChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
MotherboardsIdentifying Motherboard ComponentsSizesBussesBus SpeedsExpansion SlotsPCIAGPPCI-XPCIeMiniPCICNRCPU ChipsetsNorth Bridge and South BridgeCombining North Bridge onto the CPUJumpersFront Panel ConnectorsViewing an Actual MotherboardBIOSBIOS vs. CMOSBIOS VendorsAccessing the BIOS ApplicationBIOS Component InformationBIOS ConfigurationTime and DateBoot SequenceEnabling and Disabling DevicesVirtualization SupportClock SpeedsSecurityPOST and Other DiagnosticsPOST CardsMonitoringFlashing the BIOSUEFITroubleshootingChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
RAMDouble Data Rate SDRAMDIMMs and SODIMMsSingle Channel, Dual Channel, and Triple ChannelSingle Channel vs. Dual ChannelTriple ChannelSingle Sided vs. Double SidedRAM Compatibility and SpeedSpeedsCompatibility within BanksShopping for RAMParity and ECCRambus and RDRAMCPUs32-bit vs. 64-bitCPU CoresHyper-ThreadingCPU CacheCPU Cache TypesCPU Cache SizeSpeedsVirtualization SupportIntegrated GPUCPU VersionsCPU Socket TypesZero Insertion ForcePGA vs. LGAIntel CPU SocketsAMD CPU SocketsComparing NamesCoolingHeat Sinks, Fans, and Thermal PasteLiquid CoolingTroubleshootingCommon SymptomsToolsWindows Memory DiagnosticsCPU-ZChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Hard DrivesHard Drive CharacteristicsHard Drive SpeedsIDE/EIDE/PATA DrivesPATA SpeedsPATA Connectors and CablesMaster and Slave ConfigurationCable SelectPATA PowerSATASerial to Parallel to SerialSATA GenerationsSATA and SSDSATA Data Connectors and CablesSATA Power Connectors and CablesHot-SwappableSCSISCSI InterfacesSCSI IDsDaisy-Chaining and TerminationSerial Attached SCSIExternal Connections TypesUSBFireWireeSATAeSATApEthernetExternal EnclosuresSolid State DrivesOptical Discs and DrivesCombo Drives and BurnersSpeedsInstalling Optical DrivesRemoving Discs Without PowerTape DrivesFloppy DrivesRecovering DataFloppy ConnectionsRAIDRAID-0RAID-1RAID-5RAID 10RAID and BackupsCalculating Usable Storage Space in RAIDRAID SummaryCommon SymptomsLoud Clicking NoiseRead/Write FailureSlow PerformanceFailure to Boot or Operating System Not FoundRAID Not FoundRAID Stops WorkingBSODChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Peripherals and Device DriversDevice DriversInstall Device Drivers before Installing DevicePlug and PlayUSBUSB 1.1 and 2.0 ConnectionsUSB 3.0 ConnectionsUSB ControllerUSB Cable LengthsDirty BitFireWireFireWire Cables and ConnectionsFireWire S1600 and S3200Miscellaneous ConnectionsPS/2Mini-DINParallelSerialSoundCommon Sound SystemsConnecting Sound SystemsInput DevicesKeyboardMiceMicrophoneScanners and DigitizersBarcode ReaderKVMBiometric DevicesJoysticksGame PadsMultimedia DevicesDigital CamerasCamcorderWebcamMIDI-Enabled DevicesExpansion CardsExpansion Card TypesChecklistChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Display DevicesCommon TermsCRTLCDLCD BacklightsLCD Refresh Rate and Native ResolutionLEDPlasmaProjectorOLEDUsing Multiple DisplaysCommon ResolutionsConfiguring the ResolutionTouch ScreensPrivacy and Anti-Glare FiltersInterfaces, Connections, and CablesAnalog vs. DigitalVGADVIHDMIComparing VGA and HDMIAdaptersOther ConnectionsDisplayPortComposite and RCARGBComponentS-VideoVideo Interface SummaryVideo Cards and DriversVideo MemoryDriversVideo Card PortsSafety ConcernsWorking with CRTsDisposal of CRTsCleaning SuppliesTroubleshooting Video and Display IssuesDxdiagVGA ModeNo Image on ScreenDim ImageFlickering ImageDiscoloration (Degaussing)Overheat ShutdownDead PixelsArtifacts and Distorted ImagesColor Patterns IncorrectBSODChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers

Printing BasicsTerminologyPaperCommon Maintenance ToolsLaser PrintersLaser ComponentsLaser Imaging ProcessProcessingChargingExposingDevelopingTransferringFusingCleaningWhat Comes First?Color Laser PrintersLaser Printer MaintenanceSafetyReplacing TonerApplying Maintenance KitCleaningCalibrationLaser Component ReplacementInkjet PrintersInkjet Ink CartridgesRefilling Inkjet CartridgesInkjet Printing ProcessThermal (or Bubble Jet) PrintingPiezoelectric PrintingInkjet Print HeadsInkjet CalibrationInkjet Printer MaintenanceImpact PrintersCreating Characters with a Dot MatrixNear-Letter QualityImpact Printer MaintenanceThermal PrintersInstalling and Configuring PrintersDevice DriversRequired PermissionsWired ConnectionsWireless ConnectionsPrinter SharingAdding a Network PrinterPrint ManagementPrinter WebpagesPrint SpoolerTroubleshooting PrintersChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Common Laptop FeaturesSpecial Function KeysDual DisplaysWireless (On/Off)Volume SettingsScreen BrightnessBluetooth (On/Off)Keyboard BacklightLock and F-Lock KeysNum Lock IndicatorDefault Usage of Fn KeyTroubleshooting Keyboard IssuesNum Lock Indicator LightsSticking KeysDocking Station vs. Port ReplicatorHardware ProfilesLocksLaptop DisplaysDisplay TypesBacklightInverterLCDLEDOLEDPlasmaWi-Fi AntennaTroubleshooting Display IssuesNo DisplayDim DisplayFlickering DisplayCannot Display to External MonitorGhost CursorInstalling and Configuring Laptop HardwareDisassembling ProcessesTurn System OffDocument and Label Cable and Screw LocationsOrganize PartsRefer to Manufacturer DocumentationUse Appropriate Hand ToolsHardware and Device ReplacementPlasticsBatteryHard Drive (2.5 vs. 3.5)FlashMemoryOptical DriveMini-PCIeWireless CardKeyboardTouchpadSpeakerScreenDC JackSystemCPUExpansion OptionsPCMCIAExpressCardsConserving PowerACPISleep/Suspend/Standby (G1 S3)Hibernate (G1 S4)Hybrid SleepPower OptionsPower PlansTroubleshooting Power IssuesNo PowerBattery Not ChargingStay CoolTroubleshooting Connectivity IssuesIntermittent WirelessNo Wireless ConnectivityNo Bluetooth ConnectivityChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Tablets vs. LaptopsAccelerometers and GyroscopesGPSGeotrackingScreen CalibrationComparing Operating SystemsOpen Source vs. Closed SourceiOSAndroidWindowsApplication SourcesConnectivityRF (Wireless)CellularMobile HotspotBluetoothInfraredEmail ConfigurationConfiguring SettingsEmail Port SettingsUsing Mobile DevicesSynchronizing DataInstalling Synchronization ApplicationsConnection Types for SynchronizationSecuring Mobile DevicesPasscode LocksFailed Logon Attempts RestrictionsRemote WipeLocator ApplicationsRemote Backup ApplicationsAntivirus SoftwarePatching/Operating System UpdatesChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Interacting with CustomersCommunication and ProfessionalismUse Proper LanguageMaintain a Positive AttitudeListen and Don’t Interrupt CustomersCommunicate StatusDealing with Difficult Customers or SituationsBe Culturally SensitiveRespect Customer MaterialsBe ProfessionalResponding to Prohibited Content/ActivityFirst ResponseProtecting Evidence and Chain of CustodyTroubleshooting TheoryIdentify the ProblemEstablish a Theory of Probable CauseTest the Theory to Determine CauseEstablish a Plan of Action and Implement ItVerify Full System FunctionalityDocument Findings, Actions, and OutcomesIdentifying Customer NeedsStandard Thick ClientThin ClientGaming PCVirtualization WorkstationUnderstanding VirtualizationHypervisorPurposeHardware RequirementsHome Theater PCHome Server PCGraphic/CAD/CAM Design WorkstationAudio/Video Editing WorkstationEnvironmental ImpactsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
An Overview of Windows Operating SystemsComparing 32-Bit and 64-Bit Capabilitiesx86 vs. x64Increased MemoryMissing RAMWindows 7 EditionsWindows 7 System RequirementsWindows 7 System LimitsWindows XP EditionsWindows XP 64-BitWindows XP System RequirementsWindows XP System LimitsWindows Vista EditionsWindows Vista System RequirementsWindows Vista System LimitsWindows FeaturesCommon FeaturesWindows 7 FeaturesWindows Vista FeaturesWindows AeroUser Account ControlUnderstanding the Risk Without UACAccount Separation with UACWindows XP ModeStart Bar LayoutWindows Sidebar and GadgetsCompatibility ModeExamining Directory Structures in WindowsWindows ExplorerCommon File LocationsBoot vs. System PartitionProfile LocationsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Installing and Upgrading WindowsClean InstallDual-Boot SystemUpgradeFile SystemsMethods of InstallationInstallation Media—CD or DVDRemote Network InstallationImage DeploymentPXE ClientsInstalling from a USBSysprepUnattended Installation with Answer FilesRecovery Disc or Factory Recovery PartitionUpgrade Paths to Windows 7Windows Anytime UpgradeRepair InstallationWindows 7 Upgrade AdvisorCompatibility ToolsInstalling Windows 7Selecting Time/Date/Region/Language SettingsChoosing the Install MethodDrive OptionsSystem Reserved PartitionPerforming a Clean InstallActivationUpgrading Windows VistaMigrating User DataWindows Easy TransferUser State Migration ToolFile And Settings Transfer WizardChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Windows BasicsMouse ActionsWindows ActionsLibrariesTask ManagerStarting Task ManagerApplicationsProcessesServicesPerformanceNetworkingUsersMicrosoft Management ConsoleControl PanelViewsAppletsCommon AppletsFolder OptionsUnderstanding ExtensionsShowing Hidden Files and Folders and ExtensionsShowing Hidden files and Extensions on Windows Vista and Windows 7Showing Hidden files and Extensions on Windows XPInternet OptionsGeneral TabSecurity TabPrivacy TabContent TabConnections TabPrograms TabAdvanced TabDefault ProgramsApplets Unique to Windows XPApplets Unique to Windows VistaApplets Unique to Windows 7Other AppletsAdministrative ToolsComputer ManagementTask SchedulerPerformanceServicesComponent ServicesData SourcesOther Administrative ToolsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Starting the Command PromptAccess Denied ErrorsStarting with Administrative PrivilegesCommand Prompt vs. CmdUnderstanding PathsDefault PathsCommands, Programs, and Batch FilesUnderstanding ExtensionsCommand Prompt BasicsCase SensitivityUnderstanding SwitchesGetting HelpUsing Quotes with SpacesBeware of TyposRecalling CommandsCopying and PastingSaving the Output in a Text FileUnderstanding VariablesUsing WildcardsFile CommandsAttribDirMdCDChanging DrivesRdDelCopyXcopyRobocopySfcUsing Notepad to Create a Batch FileOperating System CommandsDisk CommandsNetworking CommandsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Using System ConfigurationGeneralBootServicesStartupToolsUsing the System AppletRemote SettingsSystem Protection and System RestoreShadow Copy (Previous Versions)Advanced System SettingsUnderstanding PagingPaging Overview64-KB PagesExcessive PagingPerformance (Virtual Memory) SettingsWorking with Device ManagerStarting the Device ManagerViewing Device ManagerUpdating DriversDisabling and UninstallingRolling Back DriversSigned DriversSigverifWindows UpdateService PacksAutomatically Installing UpdatesPatch ManagementBackup CapabilitiesWindows XPWindows VistaWindows 7Program CompatibilityModifying Documents LocationReadyBoostChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Understanding Disks, Partitions and VolumesMBR PartitionsGPT PartitionsRecovery PartitionBasic Disks vs. Dynamic DisksDynamic Disks and RAIDStriped Volumes (RAID-0)Mirrored Volumes (RAID-1)Spanned VolumesFile SystemsUnderstanding ClustersFragmentationBad SectorsFAT16 and FAT32NTFSCDFSDisk Management ToolsDisk ManagementIdentifying Disk StatusDisk Management on All Windows-Based SystemsDisk Management on Windows Vista and Windows 7Initializing a DiskFormatting a Volume or ArrayShrink a VolumeExtend a VolumeMount a VolumeConverting to DynamicDynamic Disk ActionsDiskpartChkdsk and Check DiskConvertDisk Defragmenter and DefragDisk CleanupFdiskSharesAdministrative SharesLocal SharesOffline FilesChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Understanding the Boot ProcessPower On Self-Test (POST)Look For Master Boot Record and Boot SectorLoad System Boot Files on Windows XPLoad Boot Manager on Windows Vista and Windows 7Understanding the RegistryStarting the Registry EditorHives, Keys, and ValuesBack Up the RegistryAdvanced Boot OptionsSafe ModesEnable Boot LoggingEnable Low-Resolution VideoLast Known Good ConfigurationControl Sets in the RegistryUsing Last Known Good ConfigurationDisable Driver Signature EnforcementDisable Automatic Restart on System FailureOther Advanced Boot OptionsRepair Your ComputerRecovery Console and Windows RE Command PromptInstall the Recovery Console in Windows XPUsing the Recovery Console on Windows XPBootrec Commands on Windows Vista and Windows 7Msconfig and Advanced Boot OptionsStartup and Recovery OptionsStartup Options and the Boot.ini FileStartup Options and Boot Configuration DataWindows Troubleshooting ToolsEvent ViewerStarting Event ViewerViewing Events in Event ViewerLog PropertiesRecovery ImagesFile Recovery SoftwareAutomated System RecoveryEmergency Repair DiskSystem Repair DiscTroubleshooting AppletCommon Symptoms and Their SolutionsBSODFailure to BootFix Boot Sector and MBR on Windows XPFix Boot Sector and MBR on Windows Vista and Windows 7Rebuild BCD in Windows Vista and Windows 7Improper ShutdownSpontaneous Shutdown or RestartDevice Fails to StartMissing DLL MessageRegistering a DLL with Regsvr32Beware of MalwareService Fails to StartCompatibility ErrorSlow System PerformanceBoots to Safe ModeFile Fails to OpenMissing NTLDR and Missing Boot.iniManually Copy System Files in Windows XPRebuild Boot.ini File in Windows XPBoot Sector and MBR ErrorsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Types of NetworksLocal Area NetworkWide Area NetworkPersonal Area NetworkMetropolitan Area NetworkVirtual Private NetworkIdentifying Basic Network HardwareNetwork Interface CardHubSwitchRouterBridgeModemNetwork Attached Storage (NAS)VoIP PhonesLink, Activity, and Speed LightsComparing Workgroups and DomainsWorkgroupDomainJoining a Workgroup or a DomainConnecting to the InternetCable and Fiber Broadband ConnectionsPhone ConnectionsDial-upISDNDSLCellularWiMAXSatelliteStandards OrganizationsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Introducing EthernetSafety and Environmental IssuesCable Management and Trip HazardsPVC vs. Plenum-Safe JacketsUnderstanding Interference and CrosstalkEMIRFICrosstalkComparing Half-Duplex and Full-DuplexCommon Network Cables and ConnectorsEthernet Twisted-PairRJ-45 vs. RJ-11UTP vs. STPComparing CategoriesT568A vs. T568BCrossover CableWire Strippers and Wire CrimperPunchdown ToolFiber Optic CableCoaxial CableSpeeds and SpecificationsEthernet SpeedsFast EthernetGigabit Ethernet10-Gigabit EthernetTopologiesStarBusRingMeshHybridChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Introducing Network ProtocolsTCP/IPConnectivity ProtocolsTCPUDPIntroducing PortsPort RangesPorts and FirewallsExploring Network ProtocolsEncryption ProtocolsEmail ProtocolsWeb Browser ProtocolsFile Transfer ProtocolsFTP, TFTP, and SFTPSMBName Resolution ProtocolsDNSClient-Side DNSWINSRemote Connectivity ProtocolsRDPTelnetSNMPLDAPSummarizing Well-Known PortsSending an HTTP Query Using PortsA Web Server Response Using PortsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Examining IPv4 AddressesDotted Decimal FormatTwo Parts of an IP AddressThe Subnet Mask and the Network IDHost IDNetwork ID ChallengeNetwork IDs in a NetworkClassful IP AddressesLoopback AddressesCIDR NotationUnicast, Broadcast, and Multicast AddressingTCP/IP Addressing in a NetworkDefault GatewayPublic vs. Private IPsNATStatic vs. Dynamic IP AddressesUsing DHCP for Dynamic IP AddressesAPIPA AddressesReserving IP AddressesManually Assigning Static IP AddressesAccessing the NIC in WindowsAssigning Static or Dynamic Addresses in WindowsAssigning Alternate IP Addresses in WindowsManipulating NIC PropertiesExamining IPv6 AddressesOmitting IPv6 Leading ZerosIPv6 Zero CompressionIPv6 PrefixesPeaceful Coexistence with IPv4IPv6 Loopback AddressChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Securing a NetworkThreats and AttacksUnderstanding FirewallsExceptionsPacket-Filter ExceptionsOther ExceptionsUnderstanding DMZsPort ForwardingConfiguring Port ForwardingPort Forwarding and IP AddressesPort Forwarding and SSHPort TriggeringUsing Proxy ServersProxy Server BenefitsProxy ExceptionsConfiguring Proxy SettingsEnforcing Proxy Server UseBasic QoSWindows FirewallHome vs. Work vs. Public Network SettingsNetwork DiscoveryNetwork LocationsConfiguring Windows Firewall on Windows XPConfiguring Windows Firewall on Windows Vista and Windows 7Enable/Disable Windows FirewallEnable Remote DesktopWindows Firewall with Advanced SecurityOther Security ToolsSecurity CenterAction CenterNetshAppliancesNetwork Security ApplianceInternet Security ServicesInternet ApplianceChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Wireless ComponentsWireless Access PointWireless RouterWireless DeviceInfrastructure Mode vs. Ad-Hoc ModeWi-Fi and Wi-Fi AllianceWireless StandardsAntenna and Access Point PlacementChannelsRadio Power LevelsWireless SecurityEncryption TypesPersonal ModeEnterprise ModeMAC FilteringWi-Fi Protected SetupSSIDUnderstanding SSID BroadcastEnabling or Disabling SSID BroadcastRenaming the SSIDConfiguring Wireless NetworkChanging Default User Names and PasswordsConfiguring Wireless Settings on Windows 7Configuring DHCPTroubleshooting Wireless ConnectionsCommon SymptomsWireless LocatorChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Install and Configure a SOHO NetworkDevicesCablesProtocolsVoIPSecuring a SOHO Wired NetworkEstablish Networking ConnectionsWiredWirelessDial-Up ConnectionsWWAN (Cellular)VPNHomegroups and Network PlacesAccessing My Network Places and NetworkUnderstanding HomegroupsCreating a HomegroupJoining a HomegroupViewing Homegroup ResourcesMapping DrivesCommand Prompt ToolsPingIpconfigClient-Side DNS and IpconfigTracertNslookupNetstatNbtstatArpNetHardware ToolsCable TesterLoop Back PlugsToner ProbeTroubleshooting Network ProblemsCannot Communicate on the NetworkCannot Get out of NetworkRemember the LightsUse Windows Network DiagnosticsCommon SymptomsChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
PreventionUser EducationPrinciple of Least PrivilegeAuthenticationSomething You KnowElements of Strong PasswordsUsing PassphrasesSomething You HaveBadges and Smart CardsRFID Badges and Physical SecurityKey Fobs and RSA TokensSomething You AreSingle Sign-OnRequiring Password with the Screen SaverLocal Security PolicyRequiring Strong PasswordsGroup Policy and Local Security PolicyUsers and GroupsUser AccountsDefault User AccountsStandard User vs. AdministratorUAC and Access Tokens in Windows Vista and Windows 7User Accounts AppletChanging Default User NamesUnderstanding GroupsDefault GroupsUsing Local Users and GroupsUnderstanding PermissionsNTFS PermissionsCombining NTFS PermissionsAllow vs. DenyPermission Inheritance and Permission PropagationEffect on Permissions When Copying and Moving FilesFile AttributesShare PermissionsCombining NTFS and Share PermissionsUnderstanding EncryptionEncrypting Files with EFSOffline Files EncryptionBitLocker Drive EncryptionDestruction and Disposal of Data and MediaHard Drive SanitizationDeleting FilesOverwrite and Drive Wipe ToolsLow-Level Format vs. Standard FormatPhysical DestructionShredderDegaussing Tool (Magnet and Electromagnetic)Drilling, Sanding, and GrindingChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
Exploring MalwareBotnetsVirusWormTrojan HorseRoguewareRootkitsSpywareSpam and MalwarePhishingDigital SecurityAntivirus SoftwareAV Definitions and UpdatesAntivirus ActionsAntivirus ProtectionMicrosoft Security EssentialsOther AV SoftwareAutomatically Starting AV SoftwareAntispywareKeeping Systems Up to DateDisabling AutorunSymptoms of an InfectionRemoving MalwareDelete Temporary FilesUsing Safe ModeUsing Preinstallation EnvironmentsUsing Recovery Console and Windows RESystem RestoreBest Practices for Malware RemovalRecognizing Other Security ThreatsSocial EngineeringPhysical SecurityTailgatingSecuring or Shredding Physical DocumentsShoulder Surfing and Privacy FiltersChapter SummaryChapter ReviewAnswers
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Overview

Ace your preparation for the CompTIA A+ Exams 220-801 and 220-802 with this 2-in-1 Training Kit from Microsoft Press. Work at your own pace through a series of lessons and practical exercises, and then assess your computing technology skills with the online practice test—featuring multiple, customizable testing options to meet your specific needs.

Your Training Kit includes:

In-depth coverage of all 10 CompTIA domains in Exams 220-801 and 220-802

Instructive case studies to enhance your performance on the job

Online practice tests to help you assess your exam readiness

The entire Training Kit in searchable eBook format

Assess your skills with practice tests. You can work through hundreds of questions using multiple testing modes to meet your specific learning needs. You get detailed explanations for right and wrong answers—including a customized learning path that describes how and where to focus your studies.

For customers who purchase an ebook version of this title, instructions for downloading the CD files can be found in the ebook.