Modelling fatigue of bone cement 317
cement–bone interface frequently takes the form of an interdigitated region
of cement and trabecular bone. The complex morphology of this compos-
ite ‘interface’ makes it susceptible to failure by fatigue and fracture, which
has been demonstrated both in retrieval studies (Jasty et al ., 1991; Culleton
et al ., 1993) and in in vitro tests (McCormack et al ., 1998; McCormack and
Prendergast, 1999; McCormack et al ., 1999; Race et al ., 2003; Kim et al .,
2004a,2004b). Biological responses for example, osteolysis due to particu-
late debris (Goodman et al ., 1998; Revell, 2008), thermal necrosis (Mj ö berg,
1986), chemical necrosis (St ü rup et al ., 1994) and bone remodelling (Jasty
et al ., 1990) further ...