Computational modeling of hip implants 413
a micro-separation of 100 µ m, the maximum contact pressure is approx-
imately constant. It is worth noting that the usual micro-separation is
beyond 1 mm. The link from micro to macro should take into account both
the material characteristics (grains and the intergranular zones) and the
mechanical stresses in order to achieve the ultimate aim: improving the
performance of both materials-design aspects and the lifetime of implants.
13.7 References
Archard JF (1953), ‘Contact and rubbing of at surfaces’, Journal of Applied Physics ,
24 , 981–988.
Bevill SL, Bevill GR, Penmetsa JR, Petrella AJ and Rullkoetter PJ (2005), ‘Finite
element simulation of early creep and wear in total hip ...