428 Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology
units, into a single representative unit. This further reduces the amount of
unknowns.
Some studies also make use of optimisation techniques to optimise the
contribution from the different muscle-tendon units to the simulated motion.
The cost functions can either be based on a minimum energy requirement,
or a minimum activation requirement. The constraints are based on the
maximum force that a muscle can exert in terms of its cross-sectional area,
and the maximum tensile stress the muscle can endure. More complex mod-
els, such as the Hill model, also implement constraints in terms of the ability
of the muscle to exert a force depending on the current and optimal length
as well as ...