Finite element modeling in the musculoskeletal system 27
Tawhai et al ., 2009). Therefore, multi-scale MSK simulations are computation-
ally intensive, and require intricate representations and also effective simula-
tion strategies to describe the complex interactions among multiple levels.
After multi-scale MSK simulations are conducted to address speci c
research problems or particular clinical questions, the next challenging stage is
to interpret and validate the simulation results. It is a very daunting and time
consuming task to interpret the complicated calculation outcomes obtained
or to extract clinically meaningful information from the huge amount of data
generated by the multi-scale simulations. Moreover, the lack of in vivo ...