122 Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology
FP
u
mi
FPFP
ji
u
i
PP
j
i
a
[4.45]
where
u
ij
a
is the external strain eld. The effective free energy is
FF
F
cm
F
F
+
F
c
F
F
,
and the equations for the dipole magnitude and orientation are given by:
d
d
P
t
F
P
p
=
∂
∂
1
τ
[4.46]
d
d
θ
τθ
θ
t
F
=
∂
∂
1
[4.47]
where
τ
p
and
τ
θ
are the time taken for the orientation and magnitude of the
force dipole to reach its optimal states, respectively (De et al ., 2010).
Not only is this model relatively simple – in that it only has two degrees
of freedom (dipole magnitude and orientation) – but it also incorporates
components of active cellular forces created by cytosk ...
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