156 Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology
where
ε
F
is the nominal material strain, estimated as the nominal stretch of
the actual ber centerline, that is,
ε
Fc
ε
o
(
(
)
−
L
ε
c
ε
L
(
)
1
, and the actual value
of
E
FF
,1
ε
(
)
is computed through Equation [5.7]. Therefore, nanomechani-
cal effects are straightforwardly included in the mechanical description of
a collagen ber and are effectively coupled with higher scale mechanisms.
Moreover, with reference to Equations [5.6] and [5.7], the other elastic con-
stants are posed equal to:
EE
GG
fn
Ff
fn
nF
Ff
G
n
F
,
cn
f
,
F
,,
cn
E
F
=
f
fn
nF
,
cn
f
,
f
cn
fn
nF
,
cn
f
,
=
F
F
F
F
1
G
f
G
cn
F
G
,,
cn
F
2
νν
=
f
f
f
cn
=
f
νν
=
1
F
F
F
2
=
[5.27]
Due ...
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