7 Real Time
Reaping the Whirlwind
MOST OF THE computer systems installed in commerce and government during the 1950s and 1960s were used in a pedestrian way. They were simply the electronic equivalents of the punched-card accounting machines they replaced. While computers were more glamorous than punched-card machines, giving an aura of modernity, they were not necessarily more efficient or cheaper. For many organizations, computers did not make any real difference; data-processing operations would have gone on much the same without them. Where computers made a critical difference was in real-time systems.
A real-time system is one that responds to external messages in “real time,” which usually means within seconds, ...
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