CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Confocal and Interferometric Microscopy

Optical microscopes have a ubiquitous presence in modern society. Virtually everyone has used one at some point in their life, if only to dissect a frog in school or observe the life hidden in a drop of pond water. They are used in laboratories and health clinics around the world. They have been developed into powerful measurement and observational tools with applications in geology, medicine, and manufacturing, to name a few areas. In the last few years, new types of optical microscopes have emerged. These microscopes enable researchers to visualize submicron structures, determine their surface profiles, and observe selected cross sections of transparent materials without cutting ...

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