Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

24A Novel Response of Industry to Wastewater Treatment with Constructed Wetlands: A Managerial View through System Dynamic Techniques

Ioannis E. Nikolaou¹ and Alexandros I. Stefanakis^2,3,4

¹Business Economic and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece

²Bauer Resources GmbH, BAUER-Strasse 1, Schrobenhausen, Germany

³Department of Engineering, German University of Technology in Oman, Athaibah, Oman

⁴Bauer Nimr LLC, Muscat, Oman

24.1 Introduction

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has lately gained a great momentum from a range of international institutions (e.g., the UN and the EU). They have launched many institutional documents to assist industries in introducing CSR concerns into their strategic management (e.g., UN Global Compact, the EC's Directives, [1, 2] and GRI-G4 [3]). Such documents outline the general principles for industries to advance their processes, and to civilize the human rights of employees within their boundaries. Another significant influence of institutional documents is on environmental and economic issues in the context of sustainable development.

A variety of definitions describe the CSR content with emphasis on ethical and social aspects (e.g., local community's rights, accountability issues, and anticorruption matters). Dahlsrud [4] identifies 37 definitions of CSR, which put more emphasis on the stakeholder aspect. The most important question is why industries design ...