Civic spaces between turbulent politics and the pandemic – The civil society in Austria
1 Introduction and overview
The model of liberal, representative democracy is in crisis worldwide (Ágh 2015; Levitsky/Ziblatt 2018; Mounk 2018; Schmitter 2015; Urbinati 2016). Numerous indicators of democracy and democratisation have been declining for about a decade. The influential “Freedom in the World” Index of the US organisation Freedom House, for example, reported in 2019 for the twelfth year in a row a deterioration of the global democratic situation (Freedom House 2008, 2019). Even in the consolidated democracies of Western Europe and North America, a marked decline in confidence in political institutions and political participation ...
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