Polish Civil Society 2015–2022: Steered from the top, reclaimed from the grassroots
1 Introduction
After several years of EU-dependent growth of civil society sector in Poland (see also Domaradzka 2015), the 2015 marked a new stage of its development. That year, Law and Justice (PiS in Polish abbreviation) party took power and quickly rolled out the series of reforms, which met with support from more conservative actors and nationwide protests from the other side. As a result of the last seven years’ developments, the ecosystem of Polish civil society has changed on several levels. New governing and funding bodies emerged, street protests become daily life for urban centres, new nationwide networks ...
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