
161People, Process, and Plant
Cause/effect analysis of the former stops was conducted next and
yielded a number of general and then more detailed causes. These are
arranged on a cause and effect diagram, such as that in Figure 10.4,
with the “effect” connected to causes to the right of it. Asking the ques-
tion: What is this caused by? allows the more detailed root causes to be
exposed by the trades people and operators. Behind most of the “equip-
ment conditions” identied in the diagram here, there are actions that
either can be taken, or have not been taken, in the maintenance or oper-
ating practices. These are the opportunities for reduc