Countering Cyber Sabotage

Introduction

Origins

The story of INL’s methodology—consequence-driven, cyber-informed engineering (CCE)—begins in 1986 when Clifford Stoll, an astrophysicist-in-training at Lawrence Berkley National Lab in California, senses someone else was in his computer, so to speak, and begins a hunt that leads to the identification of a hacker operating out of West Germany. This marks the first documented cyberattack over information technology (IT) infrastructure and over ensuing years, a flood of sometimes sophisticated, often pedestrian, and eventually automated attacks followed.¹

The following two decades witnessed the birth and expansion of what is now a well over $100 billion (USD) global IT-focused cybersecurity tool and service industry. Over ...