
376 Coverbal Synchrony in Human-Machine Interaction
nonverbal behavior. Figure 5 presents an example of contextual
prediction for the listener’s backchannel.
The goal of a prediction model is to create online predictions of
human nonverbal behaviors based on external contextual information.
The prediction model learns automatically which contextual feature
is important and how it affects the timing of nonverbal behaviors.
This goal is achieved by using a machine learning approach wherein
a sequential probabilistic model is trained using a database of human
interactions. A sequential probabilistic model takes as input a sequence
of observation ...