The ongoing and extensive studies of leadership and the ways in which leaders and their subordinates, often referred to as “followers,” have led to the advancement of a number of theories and models. For example, “trait” and “behavior” theories emphasize the personal characteristics of the leader. The leader’s use of power and position to influence the actions of his or her followers is the focus of “power and influence” theory. Researchers using “contingency” and “contextual” theories are primarily interested in studying how the effectiveness of leader behaviors is impacted by the situation and characteristics of the subordinates. The nature and quality of the relationship between the leader and his or her subordinates is paramount in ...
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