Appendix FDiscovering unauthorized access to your computer

Use the “netstat” command to determine whether or not there is an unauthorized connection to your workstation. As shown below, the /? parameter can be used to read the “Help” section of the “netstat” command.

netstat /? Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.

NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

-a

Displays all connections and listening ports. (Server-side connections are normally not shown.)

-e

Displays Ethernet statistics. May be combined with the -s option.

-n

Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.

-p

Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto may be TCP or UDP. If used with the -s option to ...

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