Chapter 5
Cybercrimes Against States
5.1 Understanding the context
Cybercrimes against public institutions and states can be classied in the fol-
lowing categories (Figure 5.1):
• manipulation of information and information warfare;
• intrusion into governmental systems and into computer systems con-
trolling critical infrastructures;
• surveillance, espionage;
• disruption of e-government services;
• cyberwar;
• cyberterrorism.
Although the targets or end results of cyberattacks are different from those
aimed at privately-owned businesses, the means of attack are identical, as are
sometimes the identities of the perpetrators.
Everything that has been mentioned in the preceding chapters can also
apply to criminality affecting states,