
506 Data Analysis and Statistics for Geography, Environmental Science, and Engineering
earlier are reasonable. As an example, Figure 15.3 shows values of canopy fragmentation metrics,
instead of species abundances, and canopy variables as environmental constraints.
15.5 CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Cluster analysis is a method to classify objects or observations into groups; this analysis helps to iden-
tify the possible groups and reveal relations among groups (Davis, 2002 Chapter 6 pages 487–500).
It has many applications including remote sensing image classication and numerical taxonomy.
There are several types of cluster analysis; for example, hierarchi ...