FIGURE 7.12 Autocorrelation plot of sunspots series.
Time (years)
x
510152
02
5
6
8
10
12
14
0.00.51.01.52.0
−0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Lag
ACF
FIGURE 7.13 Periodic process and ACF.
236Data Analysis and Statistics for Geography, Environmental Science, and Engineering
Time (years)
x
510152
02
5
6
8
10
12
14
Time (years)
xf = x ltered
510152
02
5
8
9
10
11
12
Time (years)
x−xf residual
510152
02
5
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
FIGURE 7.14 Low-pass ltering of periodic process.
Time (years)
x
510152
02
5
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