
274 Data Analysis and Statistics for Geography, Environmental Science, and Engineering
go into the calculation for each lag interval. The bottom-right panel is a summary of the cloud using
boxplots for each lag interval. Both plots are useful to detect and identify outliers.
Before we leave this section, be aware that in practice, the term variogram is used to refer
generically to covariograms, correlograms, and semivariograms.
8.9 DIRECTIONS
When searching for points separated at given distances h, we can move along lines with given
directions; for example, north to south or east to west. The angle θ of the line of search with respect
to a ref ...