Detecting Accounting Fraud Before It's Too Late

Index

• Accounting, 61–62
  • crime, 61–63
  • criteria, changes (adjustments), 119–120
  • false accounting, opportunity/motivation (impact), 33
  • information, law violation, 75
  • international accounting differences, 27
  • manipulations, 1, 2, 78f, 80f
  • notes, 35–36, 49–50
  • principles/criteria, nonstrict application, 48–49
  • principles, misapplication, 63
  • records, 63, 171
  • regulations (limitations), regulators (impact), 26–29
  • shenanigans, 4
  • triple accounting, usage, 61–62
  • uniformity, 48
• Accounting fraud, 9
  • detection, audit report (usage), 135–137
  • double entry, usage, 10
  • economic consequences, 77
  • ethical dimensions, 75–77
  • history, 9–10
  • impact, 70–73, 71f
  • process, 63
  • signals, 106
  • warnings sign, types, 86f
• Accounting standards
  • flexibility, reduction, 147–148
  • gaps, 50
  • impact, example, 28–29
  • usage, 59f
• Accounts
  • audit, 12–13, 20–23
  • auditing, 111–112
  • legal manipulations, impact, 58–59
  • reformulation, 16f
  • variations, fraud warnings, 123–124
  • warning signs, 111
• Accounts manipulation
  • detection, Z-Score (application), 134f
  • impact, visualization, 132
  • manager/company consequences, 77–79
  • practices, classification, 2f
  • reasons, 31
• ACFE. See Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
• Acquisition price, 26–27, 150
• Adelphi Pharmaceuticals, creation, 38
• Adjusted earnings, 42f, 62f, 80f
• Afinsa, 21, 112
• Aggressive accounting, 4
• Allen, Paul, 64
• All Star Café, lease cancellation, 58
• Alternatives, 47–50
• AM Best, 25
• American bank, accounts reformulation, 16f
• Analysts, 23–26, 73f
• Ancient Mesopotamia, accounting frauds, 10