which includes the total processing cost (sum of all local processing costs incurred at the
participating sites) of the query and the communication cost. The local processing cost
of a distributed query is evaluated in terms of I/O cost (the number of disk accesses)
and CPU cost. The CPU cost is incurred when performing data operations in the main
memory of the participating sites. The I/O cost can be minimized by using effi cient buf-
fer management techniques. In distributed query execution, the communication cost is
incurred for the exchange of data between participating sites. Hence, the communication
cost ...
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