
222 Ecological Sustainability
x
x
x
z
y
y
•
φ
v
x
v
x
Yaw
velocity
input
θ
(a)
Flywheel
z
M
θ
M
θ
M
θ
M
θ
•
ψ
•
ψ
Pitch
moment
• •
M
θ
= – J ψ φ
Pitch
moment
y
Roll
velocity
•
ρ
(b)
FIGURE 4.28
(a) Flywheel KE storage system on a vehicle moving in the x direction. Note how yaw velocity
( )
(in turning) of the vehicle and ywheel generates a gyro pitch moment, M
θ
. (b) Now the
ywheel’s rotational axis is vertical (z direction), so that roll velocity
generates a gyro pitch
moment, M
θ
. Yaw velocity now has negligible effect on driving dynamics.