293Sustainable Agriculture
• The use of pesticide-resistant crops makes crop rotation difcult or
impossible, as “volunteers” remaining from a previous crop cannot
be killed if they mix in with a cover crop.
• The method of gene splicing commonly used is by introducing new
genes attached to antibiotic-resistant bacterial plasmids. There is
a possibility that this antibiotic resistance could be transferred to
other bacteria within the organism consuming GM plants, although
this is probably dwarfed by the issues associated with massive non-
therapeutic antibiotic use in CAFOs.
One of the concerns associated with GMOs, with all their unintended con-
sequences, is that there is less and less choice for consumers wishing to avoid
them.