2.7. Solar power stations [PRO 97] [AST 08b] [SAB 06]

2.7.1. Introduction

Solar power stations can be classified into two categories in relation to the electrical network:

– autonomous power stations (not connected to the network);

– power stations connected to the network.

2.7.2. Autonomous power stations

These stations are used in zones, where there is no possibility of an electric power supply via a distribution network. They generally supply mountain chalets, watering systems, road sign systems, markers, GSM antennas, etc., or mobile systems: boats, motor homes, satellites, etc.

Their structure is the same as those seen in section 2.5, and they may, or may not be associated with energy storage systems, which are often storage batteries (Figure 2.67). They thus often have regulators to control the battery charges and discharges. They help to supply the devices with DC or AC voltage depending on the requirements. Batteries help to supply the devices when consumption is not adequate for the production: this is the case where the moment of production differs from the moment of consumption or when the consumed power is higher than the produced power. The most frequently used storage cells are lead-acid cells. However, they present many disadvantages: low efficiency (~ 70% – 75%), short lifespan, negative environmental impact (lead and sulfuric acid) and significant embodied energy. Their use is only justified when the cost of grid extension would be too significant. Nowadays, there ...

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