6 Electrochemically Enabled Sustainability
develop a technologically and economically advantageous CSS [14,15]. Three
basic CO
2
separation and capture avenues have been adopted: (i) pre-com-
bustion capture (the reaction of a primary fuel with oxygen or air to produce
H
2
), (ii) oxy-fuel combustion (the process needs nearly pure oxygen instead
of air for fuel combustion; almost pure CO
2
is generated, which can be stored
directly) and (iii) post-combustion capture (i.e. removing CO
2
from ue gas,
which consists mainly of N
2
and CO
2
, prior to its emission into the atmo-
sphere) [4]. The most mature technology is post-combustion amine absorp-
tion, known as amine scrubbing, which has been employed on the industrial
scale to separate carbon dioxid ...